I have a theory that there is a second method of action potential stimulation in neurons.
My theory is that an action potential can be initiated via resonance, "tuned by myelin".
This allows for synchronous LTP nerve firings over the entire cortex.
Essay from:A Landscape of Consciousness: Toward a taxonomy of explanations and implicatons.
by Robert Lawerence Kuhn. Written by Tamara Lynch on October 29, 2024
A paper written by Robert Lawrence Kuhn showed up on my Google feed this morning. In it Kuhn lays out a very Linnaeus
style taxonomy for all of the world's theories of consciousness. (Kuhn, 2024). In it he lays out the
idea of electromagnetic field theories as one of ten categories of a “materialism” approach to consciousness,
which itself is one of ten categories of 'theory of mind'. Kuhn's big question for this metatheoretical research group is eloquent.
“The brain is packed with an intricate three-dimensional web of these EM fields-the question is what functions do these EM fields serve
(if any), and whether these fields in any way relate to consciousness.” (Kuhn, 2024, p.53).
I would consider my theory to fall into this category, so I immediately dissected this section of the paper.
Below is a list of researchers cited and the bare bones of their observations and interpretations.
This will be the next rabbit hole that I will now travel down in this insane quest. Rodriguez, 1999: gives the example that gamma oscillations (30-80) Hz are present during perception desynchronizes before movement occurs,
suggesting the coupling of neural ensembles is necessary for the conscious state.
Pinotsis and Miller, 2022: suggest the nerves that make up a neural ensemble for a memory differ from trial to trial,
showing a “representational drift”. They suggest working memory is an emergent property of the electric fields themselves and
that the electric fields carry information to other areas of the brain. The EM fields act as 'guard rails' that funnel higher dimensional
neural activity to deeper routes in the brain.
Frohlich and McCormick, 2010: Applied external EM fields in rodents can affect pharmacologically evoked neural network activity
(neocortical slow oscillation) in the hippocampus.
Andrew and alexander Figelkurts, et al. (2024, 2020, 2019): Suggests consciousness is an emergent phenomenon and have named the
“Operational Archiectonics (OA) model. They suggest the qualia (the 'redness of red') are standing EM fields produced by a neural assembly.
Thoughts are a result of synchronized operations of these standing fields and underlying neural networks.
Xu et al., 2023: have discovered cerebral cortex-wide interacting spiral wave patterns they feel are related to cognitive processing through
complex brain dynamics.
Mostyn Jones (2013, 2017, 2024): has collected and classified EM theories over the years. They address the binding problem
(adding the red with the 'round' and 'rubber texture', etc. of a balloon for example), involves synchrony and proposes the idea
of “neuroelectrical panpsychism (NP).
Susan Pockett (2012, 2017): proposes that EM field patterns should be 3D measured and associated with conscious vs. unconscious states.
These patterns are generated by the hardware (unconscious nerve transmission).
Johnjoe McFadden (2002, 2020, 2023): Proposes Conscious Electromagnetic Information (CEMI) field theory. And suggest that consciousness occurs
by integrating information simultaneously in an electrical field “space” rather than temporal via nerve networks (like computers).
Ephaptic Coupling (Chen, 2020; Chiang e al, 2019; Anastassiou et al., 2011; Ruffini et al., 2020): Suggests that neurons produce EM fields,
which if strong enough and precise enough, can influence neighboring neurons near-instantaneously. (This is my thought!)
Richard Ambron (2023a, 2023b; Ambron and Sinav, 2022): uses the sensation as pain as a model for studying consciousness.
He involves the anterior cingulate cortex, pyramidal neurons, and long term potentiation. He proposes action potentials create local
field potentials then EM waves. (YES!)
Rodolfo Llinas (2002, 2007): Resonant oscillations can interact with distant neuron groups. (Affirmative!)
Zhang (2019): Parallel nerve firing and phase locking via light-speed EM. (Got to get to know this guy)
Ambron, Richard, 2022. The Brain and Pain; Breakthroughs in Neuroscience. Columbia University Press.
Ambron, Richard, 2023a. How we experience pain may unlock the mystery of consciousness. Research Outreach,137.
https://researchoutreach.org/articles/how-e xperience-pain-may-unlock-mystery-consciousness/.
Ambron, Richard, 2023b. Toward the unknown: consciousness and pain. Neurosci. Consciousness 1, niad002. https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niad002.
Anastassiou, C., Perin, R., Markram, H., Koch, C., 2011. Ephaptic coupling of cortical neurons. Nat. Neurosci. 14, 217|223. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2727, 2011.
Chiang, C.C., Shivacharan, R.S., et al., 2019. Slow periodic activity in the longitudinal hippocampal slice can self-propagate non-synaptically
by a mechanism consistent with ephaptic coupling. J. Physiol. 597 (1), 249|269. https://doi.org/10.1113/ JP276904, 2019 Jan
Fingelkurts, Andrew, et al., 2019. Brain-mind operational architectonics: At the boundary between quantum physics and Eastern metaphysics. Phy. Life Rev. 31, 122|133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2018.11.001.
Fingelkurts, Andrew, et al., 2020. Selfhood triumvirate: From phenomenology to brain activity and back again. Conscious. Cognit. 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.20 20.103031.
Frohlich, Flavio, McCormick, David, 2010. Endogenous electric fields may guide neocortical network activity. Neuron 67 (1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j. neuron.2010.06.005.
Jones, Mostyn, 2013. Electromagnetic-field theories of mind. J. Conscious. Stud. 20 (11|12), 2013. Thanks to Galen Strawson for suggesting Mostyn Jones.
Jones, Mostyn, 2017. Mounting evidence that minds are neural EM fields interacting with brains. J. Conscious. Stud. 24 (1|2).
Jones, Mostyn, 2024. A simple, testable mind|body solution? J. Conscious. Stud. 31 (1|2), 51|75. https://doi.org/10.53765/20512201.31.1.051, 25.
Kuhn, R.L. (2024). A landscape of consciousness: Toward a taxonomy of explanations and implications.
Llinas, Rodolfo, 2002. I of the Vortex: from Neurons to Self. Bradford Books.
Llinas, Rodolfo, 2007. Can brain explain mind? Closer To Truth. https://closertotruth.co m/video/lliro-002/?referrer=8494.
Rodolfo Llinas on Closer To Truth—12 CTT videos and 6 CTT TV episodes—https://closertotruth.com/contributor/rodolfo -llinas/.
McFadden, Johnjoe, 2002. Synchronous firing and its influence on the brain's electromagnetic field. J. Conscious. Stud. 9 (4).
McFadden, Johnjoe, 2020. Integrating information in the brain's EM field: the cemi field theory of consciousness.
Neurosci. Consciousness 6 (1), niaa016. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/nc/niaa016, 2020.
Pinotsis, Dimitris, Miller, Earl, 2022. Beyond dimension reduction: stable electric fields emerge from and allow representational drift. Neuroimage 253, 119058.
Pockett, Susan, 2012. The electromagnetic field theory of consciousness. J. Conscious. Stud. 19 (No), 11|12.
Pockett, Susan, 2017. Consciousness is a thing, not a process. Appl. Sci. 7 (12), 1248. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7121248.
Rodriguez, E., et al., 1999 Feb 4. Perception's shadow: long-distance synchronization of human brain activity. Nature 397 (6718), 430|433. https://doi.org/10.1038/17120.
Rodriguez, E., et al., 1999 Feb 4. Perception's shadow: long-distance synchronization of human brain activity. Nature 397 (6718), 430|433. https://doi.org/10.1038/17120.
Ruffini, G., Salvador, R., Tadayon, E., Sanchez-Todo, R., Pascual-Leone, A., Santarnecchi, E., 2020. Realistic modeling of mesoscopic ephaptic coupling in the human brain. PLoS Comput. Biol. 16 (6), e1007923 https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pcbi.1007923, 2020 Jun 1.
Zhang, Ping, 2019. The second law of thermodynamic and human thinking. Acta Sci. Neurol. 2 http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0079-6107(23)00112-8/sref848